Penza, 14 January 2016. PenzaNews. Penza took the 17th place in the 2015 rating of Russian cities sorted by living standards by the sociology department of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation.

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The rating is composed of a total of 38 large- and medium-population cities.

The experts analyzed the living standards there based on the following factors: level of material wealth, quality of healthcare services, availability of quality education sufficient for success in life, situation with housing and communal services, municipal improvement, road network status, migrants-to-permanent-residents balance, migration readiness, and life satisfaction.

The rating was composed using statistics and polling sociological data.

The top five cities in the list are Tyumen, Moscow, Kazan, Krasnodar and Grozny, while Makhachala, Omsk and Volgograd hold the lowest places.

For each factor separately, Penza was placed 19th in public income level, 15th in quality of healthcare services, 8th in availability of education, 32nd in situation with housing and communal services, 11th in municipal improvement, 20th in road network status, and 18th in migration standing and life satisfaction.